反对“壶与杯”的教育理论，提出“以学生为中心”主张的心理学家是（）。

2023-08-18

A.罗杰斯
B.马斯洛
C.维特罗克
D.杜威

参考答案：A

罗杰斯认为在传统教育中，“教师是知识的拥有者，而学生只是被动的接受者：教师可以通过讲演、考试甚至嘲弄等方式来支配学生的学习，而学生无所适从；教师是权力的拥有者，而学生只是服从者”。从教育政治的角度来看，这是一种“壶与杯”的教育理论。教师(壶)拥有理智的、事实性的知识，学生(杯)是消极的容器，知识可以灌入其中。因此，罗杰斯主张废除“教师”这一角色,代之以“学习的促进者”。以学生为中心，“教师”只是学习的促进者、协作者或者说伙伴、朋友，学生才是学习的关键，学习的过程就是学习的目的之所在。

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